A partial agonist for α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs (EC50 = 0.18 µM); selective for α4β2 over α2β4, α4β4, α3β4, α3β2, and α7 subunit-containing nAChRs (EC50s = 14, 12.5, >30, >100, and >100 µM, respectively); increases dopamine cell firing in the rat VTA in vitro; enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission in dorsal horn neurons via α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs; reduces formalin-induced paw-licking time in mice at 3 and 10 mg/kg; reverses scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in rats in a step-through passive avoidance test at 3 and 6 µmol/kg